History of Vaccines
History of Vaccines
Vaccines have revolutionized global health, eradicating viruses like smallpox and nearly eliminating poliovirus - diseases that previously killed millions of people. The number of people who contract preventable infectious diseases like measles, diphtheria and whooping cough is at an all-time low, thanks to vaccines.
What is vaccination?
Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way of protecting people against harmful diseases, before they come into contact with them. It uses your body’s natural defenses to build resistance to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger.
Vaccines train your immune system to create antibodies, just as it does when it’s exposed to a disease. However, because vaccines contain only killed or weakened forms of germs like viruses or bacteria, they do not cause the disease or put you at risk of its complications.
Most vaccines are given by an injection, but some are given orally (by mouth) or sprayed into the nose
Disease name- vaccine name- year invented
The story of vaccines did not begin with the first vaccine–Edward Jenner’s use of material from cowpox pustules to provide protection against smallpox. Rather, it begins with the long history of infectious disease in humans, and in particular, with early uses of smallpox material to provide immunity to that disease.
Evidence exists that the Chinese employed smallpox inoculation (or variolation, as such use of smallpox material was called) as early as 1000 CE. It was practiced in Africa and Turkey as well, before it spread to Europe and the Americas.
18th century
1796 – Edward Jenner develops and documents first vaccine in west for smallpox
19th century
1880 – First vaccine for cholera in paris,france by Louis Pasteur
1885 – First vaccine for rabies was developed in paris,france by Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux
1890 – First vaccine for tetanus (serum antitoxin) by Emil von Behring
1896 – First vaccine for typhoid fever by Almroth Edward Wright, Richard Pfeiffer, and Wilhelm Kolle
1897 – First vaccine for bubonic plague was developed in pasteur institute,paris
20th century
1921 – First vaccine for tuberculosis by Albert Calmette
1923 – First vaccine for diphtheria by Gaston Ramon, Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō
1924 – First vaccine for scarlet fever was developed in chicago by George F. Dick and Gladys Dick
1924 – First inactive vaccine for tetanus (tetanus toxoid, TT) by Gaston Ramon, C. Zoeller and P. Descombey
1926 – First vaccine for pertussis was developed in Michigan university of health, (whooping cough) by Leila Denmark
1932 – First vaccine for yellow fever was developed & manufactured in Rockfeller institute,New york by Max Theiler and Jean Laigret
1937 – First vaccine for typhus was developed by Rudolf Weigl, Ludwik Fleck and Hans Zinsser
1937 – First vaccine was developed in the University of Michigan for influenza by Anatol Smorodintsev
1941 – First vaccine for tick-borne encephalitis
1952 – First vaccine for polio (Salk vaccine) was developed in the University of Pittsburgh
1954 – First vaccine for Japanese encephalitis
1957 – First vaccine for adenovirus-4 and 7
1962 – First oral polio vaccine (Sabin vaccine)
1977 – First vaccine for pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
1978 – First vaccine for meningitis (Neisseria meningitidis)
1980 – Smallpox declared eradicated worldwide due to vaccination efforts
1981 – First vaccine for hepatitis B (first vaccine to target a cause of cancer)
1984 – First vaccine for chicken pox
1985 – First vaccine for Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB)
1989 – First vaccine for Q fever
1990 – First vaccine for Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
1991 – First vaccine for hepatitis A
1998 – First vaccine for Lyme disease
21st century
2003 – First nasal influenza vaccine approved in U.S. (FluMist)
2003 – First vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever.
2006 – First vaccine for human papillomavirus (which is a cause of cervical cancer)
2012 – First vaccine for hepatitis E
2012 – First quadrivalent (4-strain) influenza vaccine
2013 – First vaccine for enterovirus 71, one cause of hand foot mouth disease
2015 – First vaccine for dengue fever
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